Commands I ran.

podman run --name internet-archive -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRES_USER=root -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=secret -d postgres:12-alpine

podman ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
65f84e3684cd docker.io/library/postgres:12-alpine postgres 33 minutes ago Up 33 minutes 0.0.0.0:5432->5432/tcp internet-archive

podman exec -it internet-archive createdb --username=root --owner=root crawler

podman start internet-archive

I attempt to conect:
psql -h localhost -p 5432 -U root -d crawler

I get prompted for password. I input it carefully, I get:

‘psql: error: connection to server at “localhost” (::1), port 5432 failed: FATAL: password authentication failed for user “root”‘

I run the following command to check the rules:

podman exec -it internet-archive cat /var/lib/postgresql/data/pg_hba.conf

# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all             all                                     trust
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust
# IPv6 local connections:
host    all             all             ::1/128                 trust
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
local   replication     all                                     trust
host    replication     all             127.0.0.1/32            trust
host    replication     all             ::1/128                 trust