I’m currently designing a multi-layered application and am trying to figure out the best practice for error handling within the Business Logic Layer (BLL).

Should I handle errors directly within the BLL, or is it better to let them propagate up to the presentation layer?
What are the implications of either approach on maintainability and code clarity?
Are there specific strategies or patterns (like using custom exceptions or a centralized error handling mechanism) that you would recommend for managing errors in the BLL?
I have tried to create custom errors and throw them when something goes wrong in my business logic – like this

const problemWithSameTitle = await this.getByTitle(problemData.title);

if (problemWithSameTitle) {
    throw new ProblemWithSameTitleExists("Problem with the same Title already exists");
}

const createdProblem = await prisma.problem.create({
            data: problemData
        });

return createdProblem;

And handling it in the controller like this

try {
    const problem = await this.problemsService.create(req.body);
    const mappedProblem = new ProblemDto(problem);
    res.status(201).json(new BaseResponseDto(true, 'Problem created successfully', mappedProblem));
} catch (error) {
    if (error instanceof ProblemWithSameTitleExists) {
        res.status(400).json(new BaseResponseDto(false, error.message, null));
    }
}