I’m currently designing a multi-layered application and am trying to figure out the best practice for error handling within the Business Logic Layer (BLL).

• Should I handle errors directly within the BLL, or is it better to let them propagate up to the presentation layer?
• What are the implications of either approach on maintainability and code clarity?
• Are there specific strategies or patterns (like using custom exceptions or a centralized error handling mechanism) that you would recommend for managing errors in the BLL?

I have tried to create custom errors and throw them when something goes wrong in my business logic
like this

const problemWithSameTitle = await this.getByTitle(problemData.title);

        if (problemWithSameTitle) {
            throw new ProblemWithSameTitleExists("Problem with the same Title already exists");
        }
        const createdProblem = await prisma.problem.create({
            data: problemData
        });
        return createdProblem;

and handling it in the controller like this

try {
            const problem = await this.problemsService.create(req.body);
            const mappedProblem = new ProblemDto(problem);
            res.status(201).json(new BaseResponseDto(true, 'Problem created successfully', mappedProblem));

        } catch (error) {
            if (error instanceof ProblemWithSameTitleExists) {
                res.status(400).json(new BaseResponseDto(false, error.message, null));
            }
        }