I have created a minimal version to check this error.

The app declares in its manifest.xml an activity-alias that points to the only activity of the app,

Manifest.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <application
        ...>

        <activity
            android:name="com.dev.testingcustomtabshost.IntentDispatcher"
            android:configChanges="orientation|keyboard|keyboardHidden|smallestScreenSize" />

        <activity-alias
            android:name=".EntryPoint"
            android:exported="true"
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:targetActivity="com.dev.testingcustomtabshost.IntentDispatcher">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.APP_BROWSER" />
            </intent-filter>
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />

                <data android:scheme="http" />
                <data android:scheme="https" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity-alias>
    </application>

</manifest>

Now, we set the app as the device’s default browser.

The activity is the minimum expression that allows checking if the app is called with browser links:

IntentDispatcher.kt:

class IntentDispatcher : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        Log.d("BrowserExperiments", "IntentDispatcher onCreate")
        Toast.makeText(this, intent.data.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
    }
}

In this scenario, when we try to open links from the classroom app, we find two answers depending on the type of link.

The link type that works:

The link type that works opened in the app:

The link type that not works:

The link type that not works in the app, opened in brave browser:

While testing, I found something very strange. If I add this dependency in gradle:

debugImplementation("com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:2.14")

With this dependency in gradle, it DOES work, although only in the debug build variant. However, this dependency has nothing to do with intent management.

I appreciate any ideas, greetings.