I am developing an Android app using Kotlin and Compose. When I run it from Android Studio on an actual device, it takes 1-2 seconds to display data after starting.

I am developing an app which needs to perform some CPU intensive calculations in background threads. On Android versions 12 and higher (tested in the emulator and on physical devices), I noticed that the app performance is very inconsistent – to the point where the exact same calculation may sometimes take 10 times as long. Profiling the app reveals that in these instances the CPU usage is also lower than expected, as if the system allocates less resources to the app.