How can I estimate the entropy of a password?

Having read various resources about password strength I’m trying to create an algorithm that will provide a rough estimation of how much entropy a password has.

Algorithm to use for shop floor layout?

I ran into a classroom problem yesterday (business oriented class, not computer science) and I found it interesting from an algorithmic perspective.

Amazon Kindle – Whispersync implementation?

For those who are not aware of Kindle’s whispersync, here is how it works (from amazon.com):

Efficient Data Structure for holding a graph

Problem Link – http://opc.iarcs.org.in/index.php/problems/NUMTRIPLE

Tiling Problem Solutions for Various Size “Dominoes”

I’ve got an interesting tiling problem, I have a large square image (size 128k so 131072 squares) with dimensons 256×512… I want to fill this image with certain grain types (a 1×1 tile, a 1×2 strip, a 2×1 strip, and 2×2 square) and have no overlap, no holes, and no extension past the image boundary. Given some probability for each of these grain types, a list of the number required to be placed is generated for each.

How important is it for a programmer to know how to implement a QuickSort/MergeSort algorithm from memory? [closed]

Closed 10 years ago.

What algorithms can I use to detect if articles or posts are duplicates?

I’m trying to detect if an article or forum post is a duplicate entry within the database. I’ve given this some thought, coming to the conclusion that someone who duplicate content will do so using one of the three (in descending difficult to detect):

How to calculate Sin function quicker and more precisely?

I want to calculate y(n)=32677Sin(45/1024•n), where y is an integer and n ranges from 0 to 2048. How can I make this process quicker and more precisely?
Now I want to show you a reference answer:
Since Sin(a+b)=Sin(a)Cos(b)+Cos(a)Sin(b)
And Cos(a+b)=Cos(a)Cos(b)-Sin(a)Cos(b).
So I can store Sin(45/1024•1) and Cos(45/1024•1) only.Then use this formula:

How/where to run the algorithm on large dataset?

I would like to run the PageRank algorithm on graph with 4 000 000 nodes and around 45 000 000 edges.

What are algorithmic paradigms?

We generally talk about paradigms of programming as functional, procedural, object oriented, imperative etc but what should I reply when I am asked the paradigms of algorithms?