The ImageMagick website suggests to accomply -rotate with -trim:

The page or virtual canvas information of the image is also rotated. Use a +repage to remove the virtual canvas page information if it is unwanted.

— https://imagemagick.org/script/command-line-options.php#rotate

But how does it really works? I tried

• magick input.png -rotate 90 output1.png
• magick input.png -rotate 90 +repage output2.png

And then

• magick identify output1.png
• magick identify output2.png

The output of identify is the same:

output1.png PNG 410x212 410x212+0+0 8-bit sRGB 22951B 0.000u 0:00.000
output2.png PNG 410x212 410x212+0+0 8-bit sRGB 22951B 0.000u 0:00.000

The test image is here: https://github.com/jsx97/test/blob/main/input.png