I’m trying to test a Spring Kafka listener in a Spring Boot test using @EmbeddedKafka. However, I keep encountering the following exception:

No transaction is in process; possible solutions: run the template operation within the scope of a template.executeInTransaction() operation, start a transaction with @Transactional before invoking the template method, run in a transaction started by a listener container when consuming a record

java.lang.IllegalStateException: No transaction is in process; possible solutions: run the template operation within the scope of a template.executeInTransaction() operation, start a transaction with @Transactional before invoking the template method, run in a transaction started by a listener container when consuming a record

My Setup:

• Spring Boot Version: 3.2.4

Listener:

@Component
@Slf4j
public class CancelAuthorizationLinkageListener {
    private final CancelAuthorizationLinkageProcessor cancelAuthorizationLinkageProcessor;
    private final CancelAuthorizationLinkageServiceInterface cancelAuthorizationLinkageService;
    private final KafkaTemplate<String, CancelAuthorizationLinkageResource> kafkaTemplate;
    private final String retryTopic;

    public CancelAuthorizationLinkageListener(CancelAuthorizationLinkageProcessor cancelAuthorizationLinkageProcessor,
                                              CancelAuthorizationLinkageServiceInterface cancelAuthorizationLinkageService,
                                              KafkaTemplate<String, CancelAuthorizationLinkageResource> kafkaTemplate,
                                              @Value("${spring.kafka.producer.retry-topic}") String retryTopic) {
        this.cancelAuthorizationLinkageProcessor = cancelAuthorizationLinkageProcessor;
        this.cancelAuthorizationLinkageService = cancelAuthorizationLinkageService;
        this.kafkaTemplate = kafkaTemplate;
        this.retryTopic = retryTopic;
    }

    @Bean
    public RecordMessageConverter converter() {
        return new JsonMessageConverter();
    }

    @Bean
    public BatchMessagingMessageConverter batchConverter() {
        return new BatchMessagingMessageConverter(converter());
    }

    @KafkaListener(id = "${spring.kafka.consumer.properties.cancel-authorization-linkage-listener-id}",
            topics = "${spring.kafka.consumer.linkage-topic}", autoStartup = "false",
            batch = "true",
            groupId = "group1", concurrency = "2")
    public void listen(List<CancelAuthorizationLinkageResource> cancelAuthorizationLinkageResources) {
        for (CancelAuthorizationLinkageResource cancelAuthorizationLinkageResource : cancelAuthorizationLinkageResources) {
            try {
                CancelAuthorizationLinkageWriterResource cancelAuthorizationLinkageWriterResource =
                        cancelAuthorizationLinkageProcessor.process(cancelAuthorizationLinkageResource);
                if (cancelAuthorizationLinkageWriterResource != null) {
                    cancelAuthorizationLinkageService.linkageAuthorization(
                            cancelAuthorizationLinkageWriterResource.getApiResource());
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("listener error: {}", e.getMessage());
                kafkaTemplate.send(retryTopic, cancelAuthorizationLinkageResource.getAuthorizationId(),
                        cancelAuthorizationLinkageResource);
            }
        }
    }

Test:

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.DEFINED_PORT,
        properties = {"spring.batch.job.name=cancelAuthorizationLinkageJob",
                "bootstrap-servers: ${spring.embedded.kafka.brokers}"})
@DirtiesContext
@EmbeddedKafka(
        partitions = 5, topics = {"${spring.kafka.consumer.linkage-topic}", "ppcd.cushion.cancel.auth.retry"},
        count = 3)
class CancelAuthorizationLinkageListenerTest {

    @Autowired
    private CancelAuthorizationLinkageListener cancelAuthorizationLinkageListener;

    @Mock
    private CancelAuthorizationLinkageProcessor cancelAuthorizationLinkageProcessor;

    @Autowired
    private EmbeddedKafkaBroker embeddedKafka;

    @Autowired
    private ConsumerFactory<String, CancelAuthorizationLinkageResource> consumerFactory;

    @Value("${spring.kafka.consumer.linkage-topic}")
    private String linkageTopic;

    @Value("${spring.kafka.producer.retry-topic}")
    private String retryTopic;

    private Consumer<String, CancelAuthorizationLinkageResource> consumer;

    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp() {
        consumer = consumerFactory.createConsumer();
        embeddedKafka.consumeFromAnEmbeddedTopic(consumer, retryTopic);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("OK-取消オーソリ処理中エラーが起きた場合、retryトピックへ送信する")
    void of_ok_1() throws Exception {
        // init
        int ngNumber = 1;
        AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);

        // mock
        doThrow(new InvalidValueException("test")).when(cancelAuthorizationLinkageProcessor).process(any());

        // verify
        cancelAuthorizationLinkageListener.listen(List.of(createCancelAuthorizationLinkageResource(true)));

        await()
                .atMost(2, SECONDS)
                .pollInterval(1, SECONDS)
                .untilAsserted(() -> {
                    KafkaTestUtils.getRecords(consumer).records(retryTopic)
                            .forEach(x -> atomicInteger.incrementAndGet());
                    assertEquals(ngNumber, atomicInteger.get());
                });
    }

application.yml:

spring:
  profiles:
    active: "local"
  application:
    name:
  batch:
    initialize-schema: ALWAYS
    job:
      names:
      #enable: false
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: localhost:9092
    producer:
      acks: -1
      transaction-id-prefix: cushion-kafka-tx-${random.uuid}
      value-serializer: org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.JsonSerializer
      retry-topic: ppcd.cushion.cancel.auth.retry

    #      retries: 5
    consumer:
      group-id: groupid-Dev
      auto-offset-reset: earliest
      max-poll-records: 20
      value-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.ByteArrayDeserializer
      properties:
        cancel-authorization-linkage-listener-id: cancel-authorization-linkage-listener
        test-cancel-authorization-linkage-listener-id: test-cancel-authorization-linkage-listener
        spring.json.trusted.packages: '*'
        isolation.level: read_committed
      linkage-topic: ppcd.matching.credit.auth.cancel.auto.matched.result.cushion