I know that to store the knight’s attacks for example I begin by initializing an array of 64 uint64s representing all the possible knight attacks and fill it up then whenever I need the move of a knight I can just get its index in the array of attacks but that only works for knights, how would I do it for other pieces such as pawns?

Example of getting knight attacks:

std::array<uint64_t, 64> getKnightAttacks()
{
    const uint64_t notTopMask = 0x0000ffffffffffff;
    const uint64_t notBottomMask = 0xffffffffffff0000;
    const uint64_t notLeftMask = 0xfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc;
    const uint64_t notRightMask = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;

    std::array<uint64_t, 64> knight_attacks{};
    
    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < 64; i++)
    {
        uint64_t temp_attacks = 0;
    
        temp_attacks |= (i << 6) & notBottomMask & notRightMask;  // noWeWe
        temp_attacks |= (i << 15) & notBottomMask & notRightMask; // noNoWe
        temp_attacks |= (i << 17) & notBottomMask & notLeftMask;  // noNoEa
        temp_attacks |= (i << 10) & notBottomMask & notLeftMask;  // noEaEa
    
        temp_attacks |= (i >> 6) & notTopMask & notLeftMask;   // soEaEa
        temp_attacks |= (i >> 15) & notTopMask & notLeftMask;  // soSoEa
        temp_attacks |= (i >> 17) & notTopMask & notRightMask; // soSoWe
        temp_attacks |= (i >> 10) & notTopMask & notRightMask; // soWeWe
    
        knight_attacks[i] = temp_attacks;
    }
    
    return knight_attacks;

}