I have the following program which creates a SFML window and enables chroma-key using SetLayeredWindowAttributes with LWA_COLORKEY, then disables it after 5 seconds.

#include <iostream>
#include "SFML/Graphics.hpp"
#include <windows.h>

static void enableWindowChromaKey(sf::RenderWindow* window, sf::Color chromaKeyColour)
{
    HWND windowHWND = window->getSystemHandle();
    SetWindowLongPtr(windowHWND, GWL_EXSTYLE, GetWindowLongPtr(windowHWND, GWL_EXSTYLE) | WS_EX_LAYERED);
    SetLayeredWindowAttributes(windowHWND, RGB(chromaKeyColour.r, chromaKeyColour.g, chromaKeyColour.b), 255, LWA_COLORKEY);
}

static void disableWindowChromaKey(sf::RenderWindow* window)
{
    HWND windowHWND = window->getSystemHandle();
    SetWindowLongPtr(windowHWND, GWL_EXSTYLE, GetWindowLongPtr(windowHWND, GWL_EXSTYLE) & ~WS_EX_LAYERED);
}

int main()
{
    sf::RenderWindow renderWindow;
    renderWindow.create(sf::VideoMode(1280, 720), "Transparency Test");

    enableWindowChromaKey(&renderWindow, sf::Color::Red); // If this is commented out ~80 FPS

    sf::CircleShape redCircle = sf::CircleShape(250.0f);
    redCircle.setOrigin(250.0f, 250.0f);
    redCircle.setPosition(640.0f, 360.0f);
    redCircle.setFillColor(sf::Color::Red);

    sf::Clock clock;
    sf::Clock timer;

    while (renderWindow.isOpen())
    {
        if (timer.getElapsedTime().asSeconds() > 5.0f)
        {
            disableWindowChromaKey(&renderWindow); // Does not return to ~80 FPS if chroma-key is enabled prior
        }

        float deltaT = clock.restart().asSeconds();
        std::cout << 1 / deltaT << std::endl;
        
        sf::Event e;
        while (renderWindow.pollEvent(e))
        {
            if (e.type == sf::Event::Closed)
            {
                renderWindow.close();
            }
        }
                
        renderWindow.clear();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++)
        {
            renderWindow.draw(redCircle);
        }

        renderWindow.display();
    }
}

The chroma-key transparency and the functions to enable and disable it work, but enabling chroma-key causes a reasonably large drop in performance from about 80 FPS to 45 FPS. This is understandable, but the issue I’m having is that after using disableWindowChromaKey the program does not return to 80 FPS and instead stays at 45 FPS, so I’m assuming something in renderWindow isn’t being reset properly.

I’ve tried using

• InvalidateRect(windowHWND, nullptr, TRUE) and UpdateWindow(windowHWND)
• RedrawWindow(windowHWND, NULL, NULL, RDW_ERASE | RDW_INVALIDATE | RDW_FRAME | RDW_ALLCHILDREN)
• renderWindow.resetGlStates()

But none of these options have worked. Any idea what’s causing the performance to stay low after chroma-key has been disabled and how to fix this?