On Jenkins, Maven ignores the environment variables MAVEN_OPTS and MAVEN_ARGS that I set in the same pipeline. Here the code I use:

pipeline {
    agent {    
        docker {            
            image 'iubar-maven-alpine'
            label 'docker'
            args '-v ${HOME}/.m2:/home/jenkins/.m2:rw,z'
        } 
    } 
    environment {
        MAVEN_ARGS = '--show-version --batch-mode'
        MAVEN_OPTS = '-Djava.awt.headless=true'     
    }   
    stages {    
        stage ('Build') {
            steps {         
                sh 'mvn clean compile'
            }
        }
...     

so to solve the problem I need to write :

...
        stage ('Build') {
            steps {         
                sh 'mvn $MAVEN_ARGS $MAVEN_OPTS clean compile'
            }
        }
...

What are the causes of this behavior ? And is there any better solutions ?