I am looking for some keywords to research/look into, because I don’t seem to be using the right ones…

Data-Set

We have a list of events with timestamps. Events can be either a “possible cause” (C) or an “incident” (I).

Problem

Find a probable possible cause that may have caused an incident.

Made up Causation

1 hour after the occurrence of a voltage spike, component A shuts down. The voltage spike is responsible for that.

Question

We don’t know that the voltage spike is responsible for the shutdown. We track many events, voltage spikes is one of them. We also don’t know how long after any event an incident occurs, we only know that the incident occurred at a certain time.
How would we approach identifying a voltage spike among other events as probable cause?

Keywords

Some keywords I came upon during my searches: Autocorrelation, Cross-Correlation.
But I am struggling, because those mainly seem to deal with continuous data, not discrete data.

Can someone please recommend some appropriate keywords to search for?