I’ve implemented a PHP script to handle form submissions and insert data into a PostgreSQL database. However, I’m concerned about the potential security vulnerabilities, particularly SQL injection. While I’ve used pg_escape_string() to sanitize user input, I understand that it might not provide sufficient protection against all SQL injection attacks.
What are the best practices for enhancing security against SQL injection when using PHP with PostgreSQL? Should I switch to using parameterized queries (prepared statements) with PDO or mysqli extension instead of pg_escape_string()? If so, could someone provide guidance or code examples on how to implement parameterized queries securely in my PHP code?
I want to ensure that my application is robust and secure against potential SQL injection attacks. Any insights or recommendations would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!
<?php
// Establish connection to PostgreSQL database using PDO
try {
$pdo = new PDO("pgsql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase", "myuser", "mypassword");
$pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
die("Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage());
}
// Check if the form is submitted
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
// Prepare an SQL statement with placeholders
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO mytable (name, email, message) VALUES (:name, :email, :message)");
// Bind parameters to the placeholders
$stmt->bindParam(':name', $_POST['name']);
$stmt->bindParam(':email', $_POST['email']);
$stmt->bindParam(':message', $_POST['message']);
// Execute the prepared statement
try {
$stmt->execute();
// Redirect user to a success page
header("Location: success.html");
exit();
} catch (PDOException $e) {
// Handle errors
die("Error in SQL query: " . $e->getMessage());
}
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>HTML Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]); ?>">
<label for="name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name" required><br><br>
<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" required><br><br>
<label for="message">Message:</label><br>
<textarea id="message" name="message" rows="4" cols="50" required></textarea><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
I have tried the above