This code compiles without errors, although two of the constructors do not match the declared constructor type.
How to detect constructor type mismatch?

type ObjConstructor = new (name: string) => Obj   // type of constructor     (string) => 

// or by interface — doesn't matter
// interface ObjConstructor {
//   new (name: string): Obj
// }

class Obj {
    constructor(private id: number) { }    // first conflicting constructor  (number) => 
    print() { console.log(this.id) }
}

class Sub extends Obj {  
    constructor() { super(0) }             // second conflicting constructor () =>
}

function foo(f: ObjConstructor) {          // function expects signature     (string) =>
    const obj = new f('name')

    if (obj instanceof Sub) {
        obj.print()
    }
}

foo(Sub)  // wrong signature sent here   (number) =>  or () =>

Link to playground