How does AI/LLM understand and interpret tree diagrams represented in text format, such as the following example? (Ex: prompt given to Chatgpt)

• Is the AI trained on specific datasets that explicitly label structures as trees, or is it trained on raw strings without explicit structure?
• What features or patterns does the AI recognize to identify the hierarchical relationships in the diagram?
• How does the AI differentiate between nodes and branches in the text representation?
• Does the AI use any predefined rules or algorithms to parse and understand the tree structure, or is it reliant on machine learning techniques?
• How does the AI handle variations in formatting or representation of tree diagrams in text?
• What role does context play in the AI’s interpretation of tree diagrams, and how does it influence the understanding of the structure?

What I found was that AI typically uses a combination of pattern recognition and machine learning techniques to interpret such diagrams. I want to understand it in-depth or if there are some other techniques used currently.