In attempting to do something unrelated, I happened to have enabled Secure Boot and MSI Fast Boot on my MSI BIOS. After that, GRUB no longer appears to see my device, leading to boot failure followed by the rescue prompt.
I unfortunately cannot use the prompt, though, because it doesn’t seem to be detecting my keyboard (USB). I cannot boot off of USB for seemingly the same reason. Accessing BIOS via the power button didn’t happen to be enabled, and now there is no opportunity to get to the BIOS via the keyboard (the splash just flickers followed by the error).
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