You could get the desired information by making use of Method Overloading which will make sure that Delphi executes the overloaded method whose input parameter types matches to the passed parameter types.

Then for any of the overloaded methods whose input parameters does not match your desired input parameters you mark such methods as deprecated. This is going to create W1000 Symbol ‘%s’ is deprecated (Delphi) anywhere where such overloaded method is called.

Now the caveat with this approach is that you may need to make 8 overloaded versions of your methods in order to cover four signed integer types (Int8, Int16, Int32 and Int64) as well as four unsigned integer types (UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64);

Here is a small example of four overloaded methods detecting 4 signed integer types:

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    Button1: TButton;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
    procedure Test(I: Int8); overload; deprecated;
    procedure Test(I: Int16); overload; deprecated;
    procedure Test(I: Int32); overload; deprecated;
    procedure Test(I: Int64); overload;
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

procedure TForm1.Test(I: ShortInt);
begin
  MessageDlg('8 bit integer',mtInformation,[mbOK],0);
end;

procedure TForm1.Test(I: Int16);
begin
  MessageDlg('16 bit integer',mtInformation,[mbOK],0);
end;

procedure TForm1.Test(I: Int32);
begin
  MessageDlg('32 bit integer',mtInformation,[mbOK],0);
end;

procedure TForm1.Test(I: Int64);
begin
  MessageDlg('64 bit integer',mtInformation,[mbOK],0);
end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var ShI: ShortInt;
    SmI: SmallInt;
    I: Integer;
    I64: Int64;
    NatI: NativeInt;
begin
  Test(ShI);
  Test(SmI);
  Test(I);
  Test(I64);
  Test(NatI);
end;

Note that with last test call the returned value for NativeInt depends on whether your application is compiled for 32 bit or 64 bit architecture as is expected.