I have a problem, I am studying exceptions and apparently I misunderstood something.

int n;
try {
  cout << "enter value: " << endl;
  cin >> n;
}
catch (exception& ex) {
  cerr << ex.what();
}
cout << n;

Output for any character literal:
Output of the literal itself and zero.

I want to understand, if the user enters the wrong data type, can I somehow handle this input with an exception and tell the user that he is entering text, not a number?
How can I understand where the exception throw occurs?
How can I stop the program execution with the help of processing, otherwise the program continues to execute instructions…

I entered a non-numeric value and expected the program to tell me about it. I expected the program to stop executing after that.

also i tried this code

cout << "enter value: " << endl;
cin >> n;
if (!cin) throw exception();
try {
    cout << n;
}
catch (exception& ex) {
    cerr << ex.what();
}```