Is there an encryption algorithm that can encrypt data and the only way to decrypt it is to wait for some specific number of years. For example, say it can only be decrypted if some reliable NTP server (or any source that can do tamper-proof timekeeping) says the year is >=2048.

I know it can be done if the party that encrypts the message releases the decryption key only on or after the date it should, and it can be relied upon to do so. But that can’t always be the case, the party may lose they key, or go out of business, or suffer some natural disaster, or simply betray the owner of the message.