Can someone explain this Python code to me?

I’m trying to understand the inner workings of this code, which generates an animated plot using Matplotlib. Here’s a breakdown of what each part does:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from matplotlib.patches import ConnectionPatch
import os

desktop_path = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "Desktop")

fig, (axl, axr) = plt.subplots(
ncols=2,
sharey=True,
figsize=(12, 4),
gridspec_kw=dict(width_ratios=[1, 3], wspace=0.1),
)
axl.set_aspect(1)
axr.set_box_aspect(1 / 3)
axr.yaxis.set_visible(False)
axr.xaxis.set_ticks([0, np.pi, 2 * np.pi], ["0", r"$\pi$", r"$2\pi$"])

theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 50)
axl.plot(np.cos(theta), np.sin(theta), "k", lw=1)
point, = axl.plot(0, 0, "o", color='red')

sine, = axr.plot(theta, np.sin(theta), color='blue')

con = ConnectionPatch(
(1, 0),
(0, 0),
"data",
"data",
axesA=axl,
axesB=axr,
color="C0",
ls="dotted",
)
fig.add_artist(con)

def animate(i):
x = np.linspace(0, i, int(i * 25 / np.pi))
sine.set_data(x, np.sin(x))
x, y = np.cos(i), np.sin(i)
point.set_data([x], [y])
con.xy1 = x, y
con.xy2 = i, y
return point, sine, con

fps = 60
duration = 5
total_frames = fps * duration

frames = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, total_frames)
ani = animation.FuncAnimation(
fig,
animate,
frames=frames,
interval=1000/fps,
blit=False,
repeat=True,
)

output_path = os.path.join(desktop_path, "animation_seno-2.mp4")

Writer = animation.writers['ffmpeg']
writer = Writer(fps=fps, metadata=dict(artist='Lenin'), bitrate=1800)
ani.save(output_path, writer=writer)

plt.show()

This script creates two subplots: on the left, it draws a circle with a red point that moves along it; on the right, it plots the sine function. A dotted line connects the two plots. The animation runs for 5 seconds at 60 frames per second (fps), showing the movement of the point and the updating sine curve.

I would appreciate any insights into how each part of this code contributes to the animation’s behavior. Thank you!