I have this Dockerfile which creates a Docker image of NGINX with the subs_filter module enabled.:

ARG NGINX_FROM_IMAGE=nginx:mainline

FROM --platform=linux/amd64 ${NGINX_FROM_IMAGE} as builder

ARG ENABLED_MODULES

SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-exo", "pipefail", "-c"]

RUN if [ "$ENABLED_MODULES" = "" ]; then 
        echo "No additional modules enabled, exiting"; 
        exit 1; 
    fi

    
COPY ./ /modules/

RUN apt-get clean && apt-get update 
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends 
                patch make wget mercurial devscripts debhelper dpkg-dev 
                quilt lsb-release build-essential libxml2-utils xsltproc 
                equivs git g++ libparse-recdescent-perl 
    && XSLSCRIPT_SHA512="f7194c5198daeab9b3b0c3aebf006922c7df1d345d454bd8474489ff2eb6b4bf8e2ffe442489a45d1aab80da6ecebe0097759a1e12cc26b5f0613d05b7c09ffa *stdin" 
    && wget -O /tmp/xslscript.pl https://hg.nginx.org/xslscript/raw-file/01dc9ba12e1b/xslscript.pl 
    && if [ "$(cat /tmp/xslscript.pl | openssl sha512 -r)" = "$XSLSCRIPT_SHA512" ]; then 
        echo "XSLScript checksum verification succeeded!"; 
        chmod +x /tmp/xslscript.pl; 
        mv /tmp/xslscript.pl /usr/local/bin/; 
    else 
        echo "XSLScript checksum verification failed!"; 
        exit 1; 
    fi 
    && hg clone -r ${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE%%~*} https://hg.nginx.org/pkg-oss/ 
    && cd pkg-oss 
    && mkdir /tmp/packages 
    && for module in $ENABLED_MODULES; do 
        echo "Building $module for nginx-$NGINX_VERSION"; 
        if [ -d /modules/$module ]; then 
            echo "Building $module from user-supplied sources"; 
            # check if module sources file is there and not empty
            if [ ! -s /modules/$module/source ]; then 
                echo "No source file for $module in modules/$module/source, exiting"; 
                exit 1; 
            fi; 
            # some modules require build dependencies
            if [ -f /modules/$module/build-deps ]; then 
                echo "Installing $module build dependencies"; 
                apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends $(cat /modules/$module/build-deps | xargs); 
            fi; 
            # if a module has a build dependency that is not in a distro, provide a
            # shell script to fetch/build/install those
            # note that shared libraries produced as a result of this script will
            # not be copied from the builder image to the main one so build static
            if [ -x /modules/$module/prebuild ]; then 
                echo "Running prebuild script for $module"; 
                /modules/$module/prebuild; 
            fi; 
            /pkg-oss/build_module.sh -v $NGINX_VERSION -f -y -o /tmp/packages -n $module $(cat /modules/$module/source); 
            BUILT_MODULES="$BUILT_MODULES $(echo $module | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]' | tr -d '[/_-.t ]')"; 
        elif make -C /pkg-oss/debian list | grep -P "^$modules+d" > /dev/null; then 
            echo "Building $module from pkg-oss sources"; 
            cd /pkg-oss/debian; 
            make rules-module-$module BASE_VERSION=$NGINX_VERSION NGINX_VERSION=$NGINX_VERSION; 
            mk-build-deps --install --tool="apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes --no-install-recommends --yes" debuild-module-$module/nginx-$NGINX_VERSION/debian/control; 
            make module-$module BASE_VERSION=$NGINX_VERSION NGINX_VERSION=$NGINX_VERSION; 
            find ../../ -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type f -name "*.deb" -exec mv -v {} /tmp/packages/ ;; 
            BUILT_MODULES="$BUILT_MODULES $module"; 
        else 
            echo "Don't know how to build $module module, exiting"; 
            exit 1; 
        fi; 
    done 
    && echo "BUILT_MODULES="$BUILT_MODULES"" > /tmp/packages/modules.env

FROM --platform=linux/amd64  ${NGINX_FROM_IMAGE}

RUN --mount=type=bind,target=/tmp/packages/,source=/tmp/packages/,from=builder 
    apt-get clean && apt-get update 
    && . /tmp/packages/modules.env 
    && echo "Built modules: $BUILT_MODULES" 
    && for module in $BUILT_MODULES; do 
           echo "Installing module: $module" 
           && ls -l /tmp/packages/nginx-module-${module}_${NGINX_VERSION}*.deb 
           && apt-get install --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends -y /tmp/packages/nginx-module-${module}_${NGINX_VERSION}*.deb; 
       done 
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/

I don’t understand why it manages to build my images one out of five times. Most of the time I end up with this error:

│ 2.396 Built modules:  subs-filter
│ 2.396 Installing module: subs-filter
│ 2.406 ls: cannot access '/tmp/packages/nginx-module-subs-filter_1.27.0*.deb': No such file or directory
│ ------
│ Dockerfile:76
│ --------------------
│   75 |     
│   76 | >>> RUN --mount=type=bind,target=/tmp/packages/,source=/tmp/packages/,from=builder 
│   77 | >>>     apt-get clean && apt-get update 
│   78 | >>>     && . /tmp/packages/modules.env 
│   79 | >>>     && echo "Built modules: $BUILT_MODULES" 
│   80 | >>>     && for module in $BUILT_MODULES; do 
│   81 | >>>            echo "Installing module: $module" 
│   82 | >>>            && ls -l /tmp/packages/nginx-module-${module}_${NGINX_VERSION}*.deb 
│   83 | >>>            && apt-get install --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends -y /tmp/packages/nginx-module-${module}_${NGINX_VERSION}*.deb; 
│   84 | >>>        done 
│   85 | >>>     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/
│   86 |     
│ --------------------
│ ERROR: failed to solve: process "/bin/sh -c apt-get clean && apt-get update     && . /tmp/packages/modules.env     && echo "Built
│ modules: $BUILT_MODULES"     && for module in $BUILT_MODULES; do            echo "Installing module: $module"            && ls -l
│ /tmp/packages/nginx-module-${module}_${NGINX_VERSION}*.deb            && apt-get install --no-install-suggests
│ --no-install-recommends -y /tmp/packages/nginx-module-${module}_${NGINX_VERSION}*.deb;        done     && rm -rf
│ /var/lib/apt/lists/" did not complete successfully: exit code: 2