I am trying to manage how to extract logical relations from medical sentences. E.g.:

INPUT:
“Candidiasis is infection by Candida species (most often C. albicans), manifested by mucocutaneous lesions, fungemia, and sometimes focal infection of multiple sites.”

OUTPUT:
“Candidiasis – infection”
“Candidiasis – Candida species (most often C. albicans)”
“Candidiasis – mucocutaneous lesions”
“Candidiasis – fungemia”
“Candidiasis – focal infection”

How this type of problem is called and what architechtures should I use for solving it?

I read that this problem is somehow related with POS-tagging, but I cannot figure how make model search relations for each word in a sentence.