I’m trying to run a lambda function in Java, which accesses an SQS queue. However, I am getting the error below.

{
  "errorMessage": "software/amazon/awssdk/core/SdkProtocolMetadata",
  "errorType": "java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError",
  "stackTrace": [
    "software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.DefaultS3ClientBuilder.buildClient(DefaultS3ClientBuilder.java:42)",
    "software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.DefaultS3ClientBuilder.buildClient(DefaultS3ClientBuilder.java:28)",
    "software.amazon.awssdk.core.client.builder.SdkDefaultClientBuilder.build(SdkDefaultClientBuilder.java:157)",
   ...
}

I’m using powertools-large-messages to support large SQS messages. Below is the relevant part of the code where the error occurs.

public class LambdaOutput implements IOutput {
    private static final String BUCKET_NAME = System.getenv("BUCKET_NAME");

    private final SqsClient sqs;
    private final String queueUrl;

    public LambdaOutput(String queueUrl) {
        this.queueUrl = queueUrl;

        final S3Client s3 = S3Client.create(); // ERROR!
        final ExtendedClientConfiguration extendedClientConfig = new ExtendedClientConfiguration()
                .withPayloadSupportEnabled(s3, BUCKET_NAME);
        this.sqs = new AmazonSQSExtendedClient(SqsClient.create(), extendedClientConfig);
    }
    //...
}

With version 1.x I just use:
final AmazonS3 s3 = AmazonS3ClientBuilder.defaultClient();
it works. But with version 2.x I can’t create an S3 client.

The error appears to be a missing dependency, but even adding the software.amazon.awssdk.core package, which in theory contains the SdkProtocolMetadata class, the error persists.

What am I missing here?

Below is the relevant part of my pom.xml:

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
            <artifactId>aws-lambda-java-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
            <artifactId>aws-lambda-java-events</artifactId>
            <version>3.11.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
            <artifactId>aws-java-sdk-sqs</artifactId>
            <version>1.12.744</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
            <artifactId>amazon-sqs-java-extended-client-lib</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
            <artifactId>aws-java-sdk-s3</artifactId>
            <version>1.12.744</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>software.amazon.lambda</groupId>
            <artifactId>powertools-large-messages</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>