I’m looking at creating an implementation of Daugman’s iris recognition algorithm, which is covered in his seminal paper on the topic.
What I don’t know is, if I implement his algorithm, do I need a license?
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It may depend on the country you live in. In France algorithms are regarded as ideas and are not subject to copyright, patents, etc. (While the article describing the algorithm or a specific implementation are subject to these.) So, the short answer to your question is “probably not!”.