I have been trying to fix this issue for the last few hours, but still couldn’t resolve it. I would greatly appreciate it if someone could help me with this.

I have this data below:

data <- structure(list(Cohort = structure(c(1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 
2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 
2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L), levels = c("SJLIFE", "CCSS"), class = "factor"), 
    Risks = structure(c(1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 
    2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 
    1L, 2L, 2L), levels = c("Smokings", "Drinking"), class = "factor"), 
    individual = c("47%", "41%", "12%", "5%", "38%", "29%", "15%", 
    "5%", "44%", "39%", "28%", "31%", "61%", "59%", "19%", "36%", 
    "73%", "48%", "52%", "36%", "91%", "88%", "NA%", "1%", "35%", 
    "35%", "NA%", "4%"), group = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
    2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 
    5L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L), levels = c("A", "B", 
    "C", "D", "E", "F", "G"), class = "factor"), group2 = structure(c(3L, 
    1L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 
    3L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 4L, 2L), levels = c("CCSS-All Smokings", 
    "CCSS-Drinking", "SJLIFE-All Smokings", "SJLIFE-Drinking"
    ), class = "factor"), value = c(47, 41, 12, 5, 38, 29, 15, 
    5, 44, 39, 28, 31, 61, 59, 19, 36, 73, 48, 52, 36, 91, 88, 
    NA, 1, 35, 35, NA, 4), id = 1:28), row.names = c(NA, -28L
), class = "data.frame")

I also have this code which plots the figure I want. However, only issue is that I am unable to add gaps between group variable (A,B,C..G) bars so that the figure looks a bit less crowded. empty_bar <- 1 below is supposed to add gap but for some reason it’s not working. Can someone please suggest how to fix this? Thanks in advance!

# Set a number of 'empty bar' to add at the end of each group
empty_bar <- 0
to_add <- data.frame( matrix(0, empty_bar*nlevels(data$group), ncol(data)) )
colnames(to_add) <- colnames(data)
to_add$group <- rep(levels(data$group), each=empty_bar)
data <- rbind(data, to_add)
data <- data %>% arrange(group)
data$id <- seq(1, nrow(data))

# Get the name and the y position of each label
label_data <- data
number_of_bar <- nrow(label_data)
angle <- 90 - 360 * (label_data$id-0.5) /number_of_bar     # I substract 0.5 because the letter must have the angle of the center of the bars. Not extreme right(1) or extreme left (0)
label_data$hjust <- ifelse( angle < -90, 1, 0)
label_data$angle <- ifelse(angle < -90, angle+180, angle)


# prepare a data frame for base lines
base_data <- data %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(group) %>% 
  dplyr::summarize(start=min(id), end=max(id) - empty_bar) %>% 
  dplyr::rowwise() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(title=mean(c(start, end)))

# prepare a data frame for grid (scales)
grid_data <- base_data
grid_data$end <- grid_data$end[ c( nrow(grid_data), 1:nrow(grid_data)-1)] + 1
grid_data$start <- grid_data$start - 1
grid_data <- grid_data[-1,]


# Make the plot
ggplot(data, aes(x=as.factor(id), y=value, fill = Risks)) +  
  geom_bar(aes(x=as.factor(id), y=value, fill=Risks), stat="identity", alpha=1, width=0.95) +
  geom_col_pattern(
    aes(pattern = Cohort),
    colour = "black",
    pattern_fill = "black",
    pattern_angle = 45,
    pattern_density = 0.1,
    pattern_spacing = 0.01,
    position = position_dodge2(preserve = 'single'),
    na.rm = T
  ) +
  scale_pattern_manual(
    values = c("none", "stripe"),
    guide = guide_legend(override.aes = list(fill = "gray")) # <- make lighter
  ) +
  scale_fill_manual(
    values = custom_colors, 
    breaks = legend_order,
    guide = guide_legend(override.aes = list(pattern = "none")) # <- hide pattern
  ) +
  ylim(-100,120) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    legend.position = "right",
    axis.text = element_blank(),
    axis.title = element_blank(),
    panel.grid = element_blank(),
    plot.margin = unit(rep(-1,4), "cm") 
  ) +
  coord_polar() + 
  geom_text(data=label_data, aes(x=id, y=value+2, label=individual, hjust=hjust), color="black", fontface=1,alpha=1, size=6.5, angle= label_data$angle, inherit.aes = FALSE ) +
  
  # Add base line information
  geomtextpath::coord_curvedpolar() +
  geomtextpath::geom_textsegment(
    data = base_data,
    aes(
      x = start, y = -.1,
      xend = end, yend = -.1,
      label = group
    ),
    colour = "black",
    linewidth = 2.5,
    size = 16 / .pt,
    inherit.aes = FALSE,
    gap = FALSE,
    offset = unit(-24, "pt")
  ) +
  theme(
    legend.position="right",
    legend.justification="right", 
    legend.box.spacing = unit(-120, "pt"),# The spacing between the plotting area and the legend box (unit)
    legend.margin=margin(0,0,0,0),
    legend.title = element_text(size = 16, color = "black", face=2), # Adjust legend title size
    plot.margin = margin(r = .5, l = -3.5, t = -3.5, b = -3.5, unit = "cm"),
    legend.text = element_text(size = 14, color = "black")
  ) + # Adjust legend text size
  labs(
    title = "",
    x = NULL, y = "",
    fill = "Risk factors"
  )