In some previous days, I searched and asked some questions about a file different timestamps.

Now I know, I can get creation time by statx(2) and change only one of last (status change | modification | access) time of a file without changing other times, by touch -m and debugfs command/utilities.

I want to know, how can I change last (status change | modification | access) time without changing other times only by system call not by any command/utility. If it is not possible, how these command/utilities do that?

I know Criticism of atime.

Thanks