#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

template<int Num>
class MyClass {
public:
    MyClass(int val) : val_(val) {}

private:
    int val_;
};

template<int Num>
void threadFunction(MyClass<Num> myObj) {
    std::cout << "Inside thread" << std::endl;
}

int main() {
    MyClass<1> obj(42);

    std::thread t1(threadFunction<1>, obj); // <-- pass by value
    std::thread t2(threadFunction<1>, std::ref(obj)); // <-- pass by reference

    t1.join();
    t2.join();

    return 0;
}

I want to pass an object by value to a thread to ensure each thread works on its own copy (thread t1).

When I create thread t2, I pass the object by reference using std::ref(obj).

Clearly, my intention per function definition is to pass the object by value rather than by reference. Is obj a shared variable if passed as std::ref(obj) among all threads?

This question
std::ref using with template function and function passing by value
seems to address a similar topic, but not in multithreading context. In the example shown there, there seems to be a difference if the function is templated.